Hydrazones as Singular Reagents in Asymmetric Organocatalysis

This Minireview summarizes strategies and developments regarding the use of hydrazones as reagents in asymmetric organocatalysis, their distinct roles in nucleophile–electrophile, cycloaddition, and cyclization reactions. The key structural elements governing the reactivity of these reagents in a preferred pathway will be discussed, as well as their different interactions with organocatalysts, leading to diverse activation modes. Along these studies, the synthetic equivalence of N-monoalkyl, N,N-dialkyl, and N-acyl hydrazones with several synthons is also highlighted. Emphasis is also put on the mechanistic studies performed to understand the observed reactivities. Finally, the functional group transformations performed from the available products has also been analyzed, highlighting the synthetic value of these methodologies, which served to access numerous families of valuable multifunctional compounds and nitrogen-containing heterocycles.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CTQ2013-48164-C2-1-P, CTQ201348164-C2-2-PEuropean FEDER fundsJunta de Andalucía 2012/FQM 107

Real interpolation of compact bilinear operators

We establish an analog for bilinear operators of the compactness interpolation result for bounded linear operators proved by Cwikel and Cobos, Kühn and Schonbek. We work with the assumption that : (A0+ A1)×(B0+ B1) −→ E0+E1 is bounded, but we also study the case when this does not hold. Applications are given to compactness of convolution operators and compactness of commutators of bilinear Calderón–Zygmund operators.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | Ref. MTM2013-42220-

Smoking behaviour, involuntary smoking, attitudes towards smoke-free legislations, and tobacco control activities in the European Union

The six most important cost-effective policies on tobacco control can be measured by the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS). The objective of our study was to describe the correlation between the TCS and smoking prevalence, self-reported exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and attitudes towards smoking restrictions in the 27 countries of the European Union (EU27)

Arqueologías críticas: El conflicto entre verdad y valor Critical archaeologies. The conflict between “truth” and “value”

Este trabajo es una aproximación al problema epistemológico fundamental que afecta las arqueologías críticas o radicales (marxista, feminista, postcolonial, etc.): ¿Es su orientación práctica, política, un obstáculo para alcanzar la objetividad? ¿Deben sentirse sus practicantes relegados como científicos por el rechazo ejercido desde la corriente principal, positivista, de la disciplina? En este artículo se defiende la necesidad de deconstruir el falso apoliticismo de esta última y de revelar su clara contribución al campo ideológico conservador. También se hace una revisión del proceso relativista habido en las arqueologías críticas por la influencia anti-esencialista del movimiento postmoderno. Luego, siguiendo las ideas de Ernesto Laclau y Slavoj Zizek, se analizan los estrechos paralelos epistemológicos que existen entre ciencia social y política. Finalmente, se reconoce y defiende el papel que la arqueología y demás ciencias sociales desempeñan en las articulaciones hegemónicas de la sociedad actual.This paper presents an approach to the main epistemological problem that affects critical or radical archaeologies (marxist, feminist, postcolonial, etc.): Do political orientations impede objectivity? Should their practitioners be deemed of inferior ‘scientific quality’, as they are criticized by the positivist, mainstream discipline? First, this paper tries to deconstruct the so-called political neutrality of the positivist current, revealing its link to conservatism. Secondly, the article revises the relativist process in critical archaeologies, as a consequence of prevailing anti-essentialist trends in the post-modernist thinking. Following the ideas of Ernesto Laclau and Slavoj Zizek, an examination is made of the close parallels that exist between politics and social scientific activities. Finally, the paper acknowledges the role that archaeology, as the rest of social sciences, plays in the hegemonic articulations of the current world